- Mark 12:28-34
- The Greatest Commandment
OTHER HOMILY SOURCES from The Most Rev William Goh
2020 04 June, 2020, Thursday, 9th Week, Ordinary Time
ASHAMED OF THE GOSPEL
SCRIPTURE READINGS: [ 2 Timothy 2:8-15; PS 25:4-5, 8-10, 14; Mark 12:28-34 ]
Are you ashamed of the gospel? This is the question the scripture readings are challenging us today. If we are honest and search ourselves deeply, many of us are actually ashamed of the gospel. Otherwise, we will proudly profess ourselves as Catholics to the whole world, and display our Catholic symbols in our homes, schools, and carry or wear them on ourselves. However, we are careful that our faith in Christ is hidden from public eyes lest the world thinks we are superstitious because we believe in the Eucharist, Sacrament of Reconciliation, and prayers instead of just relying on our knowledge and power. Worse still, that we subscribe to the outdated and irrelevant biblical understanding of marriage and sexuality!
If we are ashamed of the gospel, it is not difficult to understand why. It simply means that we have not grasped the centrality of the Christian Faith and the heart of the gospel. Many Catholics think that the Catholic Faith is reducible to obedience to the commandments of God and love of our neighbours. This understanding is not wrong but it is incomplete. This was the same understanding of the scribe who came up to Jesus and asked Him, “Which is the first of all the commandments?” Jesus replied, “This is the first: Listen, Israel, the Lord our God is the one Lord, and you must love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength. The second is this: You must love your neighbour as yourself. There is no commandment greater than these.”
Indeed, this is the Old Testament’s Faith, called the Shema, in a nutshell. What Jesus taught was not anything new. The novelty of Jesus’ teaching was to combine the two commandments into one commandment. The command to love God with all our being is from the book of Deuteronomy and the call to love our neighbours is from the book of Leviticus. (cf Dt 6:5; Lev 19:18) By bringing them together, Jesus indicates the primacy of the love of God above all others, an unreserved and absolute love for Him; and only then the love of our neighbours. Yet these two are tied together because as St John wrote, “Those who say, ‘I love God,’ and hate their brothers or sisters, are liars; for those who do not love a brother or sister whom they have seen, cannot love God whom they have not seen. The commandment we have from him is this: those who love God must love their brothers and sisters also.” (1 Jn 4:20f)
Knowing that this two-fold commandment is the greatest does not mean that we can fulfill this commandment. This was why the Lord, “seeing how wisely (the scribe) had spoken, said, ‘You are not far from the kingdom of God.’” Why “not far”? If this is the centrality of the commandments of God, we are only near to the kingdom of God but have yet to enter into it. Was not this the promise of Moses when he told his people, “So acknowledge today and take to heart that the Lord is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath; there is no other. Keep his statutes and his commandments, which I am commanding you today for your own well-being and that of your descendants after you, so that you may long remain in the land that the Lord your God is giving you for all time.” (Dt 4:39f)?
So what is preventing the scribe and our good Catholics from entering the kingdom of God? It is because, whilst knowing that loving God above all things is the basis for keeping all the specific commandments outlined in the Decalogue, we do not have the capacity to love Him with our whole mind, heart and soul; and much less to love our neighbours or even to love ourselves. Whilst we may know that God is the ultimate, and commands our total allegiance and obedience, we do not trust Him enough that He will take care of our lives and provide for all our needs. We doubt His love and care for us. So whilst loving Him; we feel the need to protect ourselves by relying on our strength and providing our own security.
This is why the heart of Christian Faith completes the Old Testament’s insufficient understanding of the love of God. The heart of the gospel is reducible to what Paul said in his letter to Timothy. “Remember the Good news that I carry, ‘Jesus Christ risen from the dead, sprung from the race of David’; it is on account of this that I have my own hardships to bear.” Indeed, the heart of the gospel is about Jesus, the son of David, and “how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power; how he went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.” (Acts 10:38) Then “They put him to death by hanging him on a tree; but God raised him on the third day and allowed him to appear, not to all the people but to us who were chosen by God as witnesses.” (Acts 10:39-41) By so doing, God established Him Lord and Saviour of all.
Because Jesus is Lord, it means that we can accept everything that Jesus has said and taught as Peter said, “Lord, to whom can we go? You have the words of eternal life. We have come to believe and know that you are the Holy One of God.” (Jn 6:68f) For us, then, Christ is the Way, the Truth and the Life. No one can come to the Father except through Jesus. (cf Jn 14:6) Jesus revealed His Father to us by His life, death and resurrection. He revealed to us His unconditional love, mercy and forgiveness by dying for us on the cross. He also revealed to us who we are; that we are called to share in the life of God. In Christ, we have been given the Spirit of sonship and so we are children of God. (cf Rom 8:14-17)
In light of what has been said, St John, therefore, put everything in perspective. It is not our love for God or our love for our neighbours that is primary. Rather, it is our capacity to love our neighbours in the same way He loves us. This is our entry into God’s heart or kingdom. But this capacity is rooted in God’s prior love for us in Christ. He wrote,“Beloved, let us love one another, because love is from God. Whoever does not love does not know God, for God is love. God’s love was revealed among us in this way: God sent his only Son into the world so that we might live through him. In this is love, not that we loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the atoning sacrifice for our sins. Beloved, since God loved us so much, we also ought to love one another. No one has ever seen God; if we love one another, God lives in us, and his love is perfected in us.” (1 Jn 4:7-12) Indeed, we can love God only because He first loved us. And because He loves us, we can love our neighbours authentically and selflessly, loving them as much as we love ourselves and the way God loves us. This was what the Lord said to His disciples, “I give you a new commandment, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, you also should love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.” (Jn 13:34f)
This is the kerygma, the heart of the gospel, Paul preached. This Good News cannot be chained up as Paul said. He was “chained like a criminal – but they cannot chain up God’s news.” If we have encountered this Good News for ourselves, then we will not chain up the Good News and keep it hidden from others. If we do, it simply means it is not such great news and does not give hope and life to others. As a result, we get involved in all kinds of speculation and ideas about God and His commandments. Paul warned us, “that there is to be no wrangling about words: all that this ever achieves is the destruction of those who are listening.” Such theological speculations make us doubt the reality of Jesus as our Lord.
However, if we are so filled and touched by His love, we will be like St Paul who did not want to do anything else except to announce this Good News. What he had received, he wanted to impart to us all because he loved us as much as God loves us. Hence, he wrote, “I bear it all for the sake of those who are chosen, so that in the end they may have the salvation that is in Christ Jesus and the eternal glory that comes with it.” Indeed, we would give our lives for the announcement of the Good News to all, because we love God and love our brothers and sisters in Him. St Paul urges us, “Do all you can to present yourself in front of God as a man who has come through his trials, and a man who has no cause to be ashamed of his life’s work and has kept a straight course with the message of the truth.” So let us not be ashamed of the gospel and keep our focus on the power of the crucified and Risen Lord.
Written by The Most Rev William Goh, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore © All Rights Reserved
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2021 03 June, 2021, Thursday, 9th Week, Ordinary Time
PERFECT LOVE AS THE ULTIMATE MEANING OF EXISTENCE
SCRIPTURE READINGS: [Tb 6:10-11; 7:1. 9-14; 8:4-9; Ps 128:1-5; Mk 12:28-34 ]
Many of us often miss the forest for the trees. We are so preoccupied with our daily struggles in life, worldly pursuits, enticed by the pleasures of life, seeking attention and popularity, that we just drift along each day without asking the fundamental question of the meaning of existence. This is even true of people with faith in God. We observe all the laws and rituals of our religion meticulously, and often blindly, without asking what we are doing and why we are doing what we do, so much so that we just mechanically fulfill our religious duties. Then one day, we begin to ask why we are doing all these things which appear to be meaningless and a waste of time.
In the gospel, we have an honest and sincere seeker of the truth in the person of the scribe who asked our Lord, “Which is the first of all the commandments?” In other words, he was asking about the ultimate purpose of life. He must have been impressed by the Lord’s knowledge of scriptures and how He rebutted the Sadducees on the doctrine of the resurrection using the text from the Torah itself, namely, the Book of Exodus 3:6. This scribe was genuinely seeking the ultimate purpose in life, because in his tradition, there were so many laws to observe. Altogether, the Rabbinic tradition listed 613 commandments, of which 248 were positive commands and 365 prohibitions. Of course, among so many, there were more weightier laws than others. Hence, the question, among all these laws, which was the most important law. Or rather, can all these laws be summed up in one fundamental law that captures the essence of all the elaborated laws?
Jesus ingeniously enlightened the scribe on what was most fundamental in the law. If there was only one word, it is love. St Paul and St Augustine said similar things, that love is the fulfillment of the law. (Rom 13:10) St Augustine said, “love and do what you will.” So Jesus’ answer was clear and concise. “This is the first: Listen, Israel, the Lord our God is the one Lord, and you must love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind and with all your strength. The second is this, you must love your neighbour as yourself. There is no commandment greater than these.” Instead of giving only one commandment, the Lord gave two, because both in truth are two faces of the same love. The ingenuity of our Lord was to place these two commandments found in Deuteronomy 6:5 side by side with the other commandment taken from Leviticus 19:18.
Yet in truth, the first commandment is more than just a commandment. It is the foundational creed of every Israelite and Jew, and for us all. Loving God with all our heart, soul, mind and strength is more than just a psychological analysis of the human person but it calls for a total dedication of one’s entire being. The love of God demands that we give ourselves entirely to Him simply because He is God, the Ultimate, the Life-giver, the Creator, the Deliverer. Without God, we do not exist. Our lives are dependent on His divine providence, mercy and grace. Loving God, therefore, is not just using our mind to think about Him, or feeling loving towards Him in our heart, or using our strength to worship Him and to serve Him. It is to use our entire being, body and soul to love Him and serve Him.
This explains why every Jew begins his day and his prayers with the Shema, the first word of the first commandment, “Hear!” If only we realize this, our lives would have been more orientated. Today, many have no purpose in life because they do not know their origin and their destiny. By rejecting God in their life, there is no basis for their presence in the world. Man is just placed there by chance, at random because of the atoms. He has no purpose in life, other than to just try to survive, keep alive, enjoy and then disappear.
However, the commandment to love God with our entire being must be expressed in our love for our neighbours. Because we are created in the image of God, and His essence is love, so we too are called to imitate God by loving our neighbours as we love ourselves. There is no conflict between the love of God and love of neighbor. The Old Testament prophets all speak about the close relationship between true worship of God and social justice. King David summed up the Law in Ps 15:1-5 as living a blameless life. The prophets Isaiah, Micah all insisted on the need to practise social justice and live a life of integrity. (Isa 33:15; 56:1; Mic 6:8) Even the scribe saw the importance of loving one’s neighbor, putting it above empty ritualistic worship and offering of sacrifices when he agreed with Jesus and added, “Well spoken, Master; what you have said is true: that he is one and there is no other. To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding and strength, and to love your neighbour as yourself, this is far more important than any holocaust or sacrifice.”
And the evangelist noted, “Jesus seeing how wisely he had spoken, said, ‘You are not far from the kingdom of God.’” Why was he not far from the Kingdom? It was because he was a sincere seeker of truth. He was not afraid to accept the truth from someone who was not among his peers. He trusted in Jesus and saw in Him an enlightened man of God. Indeed, unless we Catholics are as courageous to inquire further into our faith, we will be far from the kingdom of God. The truly religious man asks deeply religious questions which often deal with truth, meaning, love and life. When we do not ask such fundamental questions, we will live superficially, as many of us do. We only ask them when we are confronted with life and death issues, such as a failed relationship or a tragic event.
However, he was not yet in the kingdom of God. Why? Because whilst he knew the principles of life and love, he had not yet gone deep enough to ask more soul-searching questions. In the first place, if he truly believed in the first commandment “the Lord our God is the one Lord”, what would his relationship be like towards the other nations? Would faith in this one God who is the Lord of all, mean that this God is also the God of other believers, even if they do not know Him explicitly or fully? The problem with the Jews was that they thought they were the only Chosen People of God and the rest did not deserve to be saved. It was only during the later part of Israel’s history that the prophets gradually enlightened them that Israel was meant to be the light for all the nations. (Isa 42:6f) What implications does it have for us Christians in our relationship with non-Christians, people of other faiths and even atheists and agnostics? They too are loved by God, and as St Paul says God “desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth. For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.” (1 Tim 2:4f)
Secondly, who was his neighbor? In the story of the Good Samaritan, we found that the Jews had difficulty in extending the commandment of Leviticus 19:18 to those outside their community, or those living in their midst. They were considered to be their enemies, and therefore undeserving of their love. Their understanding of neigbour was restricted to people of their own kind. It was too narrow because for Jesus, whoever is in need is our neighbor, even our enemies. We are called to love them. (Mt 5:43-48; Lk 10:25-37) But we cannot. Only Jesus can give us the capacity to love like Him. But the young man had not yet come to full faith in the Lord.
The first reading from the Book of Tobit gives us the model of perfect love of God and neighbor in the Sacrament of marriage. It was clear that Tobias did not marry Sarah out of lust but love, and both loved each other for the sake of God. Perhaps, the other men earlier died because they wanted Sarah out of lust. St Augustine sums up so aptly when he wrote, “Let us not ask how much love we ought to spend upon our brother and how much upon God: incomparably more upon God than upon ourselves, but upon our brother as much as upon ourselves; and we love ourselves more, the more we love God. Therefore we love God and our neighbor from one and the same love; but we love God for his own sake, and ourselves and our neighbors for the sake of God.” (De Trinitate, VIII, 12 ; PL 42, 958)
Written by The Most Rev William Goh, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore © All Rights Reserved. The contents of this page may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission from the Archbishop’s Office. This includes extracts, quotations, and summaries.
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